Invertebrate animals:
Invertebrate organisms are widely used as an alternative for laboratory use of animals. They have been used to study various diseases like Parkinson’s disease, endocrine and memory dysfunction, muscle dystrophy, wound healing, cell aging, programmed cell death, retrovirus biology, diabetes and toxicological testing. Invertebrates can be used to replace the more commonly used laboratory animals. The most used invertebrate species are Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly and Caenorhabditis. elegans, a nematode worm. Drosophila melonogaster is a classic model used for detecting mutagenicity, teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Similarly, fruit flies can be useful to identify novel virulence factors or pharmacologically active compounds. These organisms have short life cycle and can be studied in large numbers, a distinct advantage over the vertebrates.
Subtracks:
1. Amphimedon queenslandica
2. Sea Slug
3. Hydra/Cnidaria