The ethical issues have posed many restrictions over the experimental use of higher model vertebrates like guinea pig, rats, dogs, monkeys etc. Therefore, use of alternative organisms has been proposed. Different model organisms are used to replace experimental animals Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most popular and important model organism due to its rapid growth, ease of replica plating and mutant isolation, dispersed cells, well defined genetic system and highly versatile DNA transformation system. Tetrahymena pyriformis – a ciliate protozoan being used to study the effects of anesthetics on metabolism.
Subtracks:
1. Salmonella typhimurium
2. Escherichia coli
3. Bacillus subtilis
4. Neurospora crassa