Neuropsychopharmacology is a science that examines the effects of drugs on the mind, and basic neuroscience is the study of the neural mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. This involves the study of neuropathological mechanisms, pharmacodynamics (drug effects), mental illness, and state of consciousness. These studies are initiated at a detailed level regarding neurotransmitter/receptor activity, biochemical processes, and neural circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology replaces psychopharmacology in the “how" and "why" areas, while also addressing other issues of brain function. Therefore, the clinical aspect of this area includes psychopharmacological (neurological) and neuropsychiatric (non-nervous) treatments. The development of neurophysiology could have a direct impact on research into anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychiatric disorders, degenerative disorders, and eating and sleeping behaviors.